Ukuqala Kobusika: Izisuka Zomlando Nokubaluleka Emigomeni Yelanga Yelanga Ye-Chinese 24

Njengoba umoya opholile ufika futhi nezinsuku ziba mfishane, uguquko olusuka ekwindla luye ebusika luphawulwa inkathi ebalulekile eyaziwa ngokuthi "Ukuqala Kobusika" (立冬, Lìdōng) ekhalendeni lenyanga yamaShayina. Leli gama lingelinye lamagama angu-24 elanga asetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka ukuqondisa imikhuba yezolimo, imisebenzi yamasiko, kanye nemigubho yesizini e-China. Ukuqonda umsuka womlando Wokuqala Kobusika kanye nendawo yakhona ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemigomo yelanga yaseShayina engu-24 kunikeza ukuqonda nge-tapestry ecebile yesiko lamaShayina kanye nokuxhumana kwawo okujulile nemvelo.

 

 

 

I-Chinese 24 Imigomo Yelanga: Uhlolojikelele

 

Umqondo wamagama elanga usukela emuva eShayina yasendulo, namarekhodi okuqala avela emibhalweni yoBukhosi Bakwa-Han (206 BCE - 220 CE). Amagama angu-24 elanga ahlukanisa unyaka welanga ube izingxenye ezihambisana nokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka, izimo zezulu, nemijikelezo yezolimo. Ithemu ngayinye ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-15, iphawula amaphuzu abalulekile ekhalendeni lelanga. La magama awagcini nje ngokubonisa imvelo kodwa futhi asebenza njengesiqondiso kubalimi, ebasiza ukuba banqume izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zokutshala, ukuvuna, neminye imisebenzi yezolimo.

 

Amagama angu-24 elanga ami kanje:

 

1.Ukuqala kweNtwasahlobo (立春, Lìchūn)

2.Amanzi emvula (amanzi emvula, Yǔshuǐ)

3.Ukuvuswa Kwezinambuzane

4.Spring Equinox (春 Equinox, Chūnfēn)

5.Kucacile futhi Kuyakhanya (清明, Qīngmíng)

6.Grain Rain (古雨, Gǔyǔ)

7.Ukuqala kwehlobo (Lixia, Lìxià)

8.Okusanhlamvu Okugcwele (小满, Xiǎomǎn)

9.I-Summer Solstice (i-solstice yasehlobo, i-Xiàzhì)

10. Ukushisa Okuncane (小热, Xiǎoshǔ)

11. Ukushisa Okukhulu (大热, Dàshǔ)

12. Ukuqala Kwekwindla (立秋, Lìqiū)

13. Ukuphela Kokushisa (Ukushisa Kokugcina, Chùshǔ)

14.I-Autumn Equinox (I-Autumn Equinox, Qiūfēn)

15.Amazolo Abandayo (Hanlu, Hánlù)

16. Ukwehla kukaFrost ( Ukwehla kukaFrost, Shuāngjiàng)

17. Ukuqala Kobusika (立冬, Lìdōng)

18.Iqhwa Elikhanyayo (小雪, Xiǎoxuě)

19.Iqhwa Elinzima (大雪, Dàxuě)

20.I-Winter Solstice (I-Winter Solstice, i-Dōngzhì)

21.Ukubanda Kancane (小Han, Xiǎohán)

22. Amakhaza Amakhulu (大汉, Dàhán)

23.Ukuqala kweNtwasahlobo (立春, Lìchūn)

24.Amanzi Emvula (amanzi emvula, Yǔshuǐ)

 

Phakathi kwalokhu, Ukuqala Kobusika kuphawuleka ikakhulukazi njengoba kubonisa ukuqala kwenkathi ebanda kakhulu yonyaka.

 

Umsuka Womlando Wokuqala Kobusika

 

Ukuqala Kobusika kugujwa ngokwesiko ngoNovemba 7 noma 8, kuye ngonyaka, lapho ilanga lifinyelela ubude besibhakabhaka obungama-degree angama-225. Leli gama lelanga alilona nje uphawu lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu; licwile ekubalulekeni komlando kanye nemikhuba yamasiko eye yavela eminyakeni eyinkulungwane.

 

Umsuka Wokuqala Kobusika ungalandelelwa emuva emiphakathini yasendulo yezolimo e-China. Kusukela kudala oBukhosi bukaZhou (1046-256 BCE), amaShayina ayeyizibukeli ezibukhali zemvelo, futhi akha uhlelo lwekhalenda olwalubonisa isigqi semvelo. Ukuqala Kobusika kwakuyisikhathi sokuba abalimi bazilungiselele izimo ezinzima ezizayo. Kwakuyinkathi yokucabanga nokuhlela, njengoba abalimi babehlola izivuno zabo futhi benze amalungiselelo adingekayo ezinyanga zasebusika.

 

Ezikhathini zasendulo, i-Beginning of Winter nayo yayihlotshaniswa nemikhuba namasiko ahlukahlukene okuhloswe ngawo ukuqinisekisa isivuno esihle ngonyaka ozayo. Abantu babenikela imihlatshelo konkulunkulu nakokhokho, befunela imindeni yabo nezitshalo zabo izibusiso. Le mikhuba yayivame ukuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, okwakukholelwa ukuthi kunikeza amandla nokufudumala phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo.

 

Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko Kokuqala Kobusika

 

Ukuqala Kobusika akuwona nje umaka wesizini; yisikhathi sokubaluleka kwamasiko okuzwakala ngezici ezihlukahlukene zempilo yamaShayina. Igama livame ukuhlotshaniswa nomqondo "wokugcina amandla" ezinyanga zasebusika, ngokomzimba nangokomoya. Lo mqondo ubonakala emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, egcizelela ukubaluleka kokondla umzimba nokugcina ibhalansi phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.

 

Elinye lamasiko aphawuleka kakhulu ahlotshaniswa ne-Beginning of Winter ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kokudla okuthile. Ezifundeni eziningi zaseShayina, imindeni iyabuthana ukuze ijabulele izitsha ezinomsoco ezinomsoco nokufudumala. Ukudla okufana namadombolo, ibhodwe elishisayo, nezitshulu ezihlukahlukene kuyathandwa ngalesi sikhathi, okufanekisela isidingo sokufudumala nokondleka njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla.

 

Ngaphezu kwamasiko e-Culinary, i-Beginning of Winter futhi iyisikhathi semibuthano yomndeni kanye nemicimbi yokuzijabulisa. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa ithuba lokuvakashela izihlobo nabangane, baqinise ubuhlobo bomphakathi futhi bahlanganyele emfudumalo wobungane. Lokhu kugcizelela emndenini nasemphakathini kuwuphawu lwesiko lamaShayina, futhi i-Beginning of Winter isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwalokhu kuxhumana.

 

Ukuqala Kobusika Ezikhathini Zanamuhla

 

E-China yanamuhla, i-Beginning of Winter isaqhubeka nokubungazwa, nakuba kunezinguquko ezithile kumasiko nezinqubo. Nakuba amasiko amaningi endabuko aye alondolozwa, izindlela zokuphila zesimanje ziye zaba nomthelela endleleni abantu abagcina ngayo leli gama lelanga. Ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nesimo esisheshayo sempilo yesimanje kuholele ekushintsheni ekugxilweni kwayo, abantu abaningi bebeka kuqala ukunethezeka kunemikhuba yendabuko.

 

Kodwa-ke, ingqikithi Yokuqala Kobusika ihlala injalo. Emadolobheni kulo lonke elase-China, abantu basajabulela ukudla kwesizini futhi babambe iqhaza emibuthanweni yomndeni. Leli gama lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo somjikelezo wempilo nokubaluleka kokuzivumelanisa nezinkathi zonyaka ezishintshayo. Ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bazindle ngezimpilo zabo, babeke izinhloso zezinyanga ezizayo, futhi bamukele imfudumalo yomphakathi nomndeni.

 

Isiphetho

 

Ukuqala Kobusika yitemu elibalulekile lelanga ekhalendeni lesiShayina, eliphawula ukushintshela enkathini ebanda kakhulu yonyaka. Imvelaphi yayo yomlando igxile kakhulu emikhubeni yezolimo, emikhubeni yamasiko, nasekugcinweni kwesigqi semvelo. Njengesikhathi sokuzindla, ukulungiselela, kanye nomphakathi, i-Beginning of Winter iyaqhubeka nokubamba ukuhambisana emphakathini wamanje wamaShayina.

 

Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwaleli gama lelanga akugcini nje ngokucebisa ukwazisa kwethu isiko lamaShayina kodwa futhi kugqamisa izindikimba zomhlaba wonke zoshintsho, ukuqina, nokubaluleka kokuxhumana nemvelo kanye nokunye. Njengoba samukela amakhaza asebusika, sikhunjuzwa ngemfudumalo evela emndenini, abangane, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe okusihlanganisayo.